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checks and balances
A system where each branch of government can limit the others' power.
cheer up
encourage someone to feel happier
chemical formula
A set of symbols and numbers showing which atoms make up a substance.
chew out
To speak angrily to someone because they did something wrong.
chip in
contribute money or effort.
chlorophyll
green pigment in plants that helps photosynthesis
choreographer
A person who designs dance routines.
chromosome
A structure carrying genetic information.
chronic
Long-lasting and difficult to cure.
circulation
the distribution of printed material
circulatory
Related to the movement of blood in the body.
circulatory system
The heart and blood vessels, which move blood around the body.
citation
A reference to a source of information.
civil rights
The rights every citizen should have to equal and fair treatment.
civilization
A complex society with culture and government.
clarify
Make something clear or easier to understand.
classical conditioning
Learning in which a response becomes linked to a signal that previously meant nothing.
climate
The usual weather in a place.
closure
The permanent closing of a business or place.
coal
A black substance used as fuel.
cocaine
A powerful and illegal stimulant drug.
cocoon
A protective covering spun by an insect.
codify
To arrange laws or rules into a systematic code.
cognition
The process of thinking and understanding.
Words selected by Inoh for the TOEFL iBT test. Not an official ETS list. How these words were chosen →